:root{
    --paper:#f8f8f6;
    --paper-2:#eeeeec;
    --rule:#e2e2df;
    --ink:#1c1915;
    --ink-2:#56544f;
    --ink-3:#86847e;
    --accent:#c96442;
    --accent-ink:#9d4e34;
    --measure: 64ch;
    --gutter:32px;
    --serif:"Source Serif 4","Iowan Old Style",Georgia,serif;
    --mono:"JetBrains Mono",ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;
    --sans:"Geist",ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,sans-serif;
  }
  *{box-sizing:border-box}
  html,body{margin:0;padding:0}
  body{
    background:var(--paper); color:var(--ink);
    font-family:var(--serif);
    font-size:19px; line-height:1.62;
    -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;
    text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;
    font-feature-settings:"ss01","onum";
  }
  ::selection{background:color-mix(in oklab,var(--accent) 28%,transparent)}
  a{color:inherit}
  .wrap{max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 var(--gutter)}

  /* ───────── nav ───────── */
  header.site{
    border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
    background:color-mix(in oklab,var(--paper) 88%,transparent);
    backdrop-filter:blur(14px);
    position:sticky; top:0; z-index:20;
  }
  .navbar{
    display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between;
    height:64px;
  }
  .brand{
    display:inline-flex; align-items:baseline; gap:0;
    text-decoration:none; color:var(--ink);
  }
  .brand-A{ position:relative; display:inline-block; line-height:1 }
  .brand-hat{
    position:absolute; left:50%; top:-0.18em;
    transform:translateX(-50%);
    width:0.78em; height:0.22em;
    color:var(--accent); overflow:visible;
  }
  .brand-name{
    font-family:var(--serif);
    font-weight:500; font-size:22px;
    letter-spacing:-0.005em; line-height:1;
  }
  .brand-name em{
    font-style:normal; color:var(--ink-3);
    font-family:var(--mono); font-size:11px;
    margin-left:10px; letter-spacing:.08em;
    text-transform:uppercase;
  }
  nav.primary a{
    font-family:var(--mono); font-size:12.5px; color:var(--ink-2);
    text-decoration:none; margin-left:28px; letter-spacing:.04em;
  }
  nav.primary a:hover{ color:var(--ink) }
  /* On narrow screens, keep only Contact (the last link) — matches the home page */
  @media (max-width: 760px){
    nav.primary a:not(:last-child){ display:none }
  }

  /* ───────── article frame ───────── */
  .article-frame{
    display:grid;
    grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, var(--measure)) 220px;
    gap: 48px;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 72px 0 96px;
  }
  @media (max-width: 1080px){
    .article-frame{
      grid-template-columns: minmax(0, var(--measure));
      gap: 0;
      padding: 56px var(--gutter) 80px;
    }
    .article-frame .left,
    .article-frame .right{ display:none }
  }

  /* breadcrumb / back link */
  .breadcrumb{
    font-family:var(--mono); font-size:12px;
    color:var(--ink-3); letter-spacing:.04em;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:8px;
    text-decoration:none;
    transition:color .2s;
  }
  .breadcrumb:hover{ color:var(--accent-ink) }
  .breadcrumb .arr{ display:inline-block; transition:transform .2s }
  .breadcrumb:hover .arr{ transform:translateX(-3px) }

  /* left rail */
  .left{
    padding-top: 8px;
    position:sticky; top:96px;
    align-self:start;
    height:max-content;
  }
  .left .label{
    font-family:var(--mono); font-size:11px; color:var(--ink-3);
    letter-spacing:.12em; text-transform:uppercase;
    margin-bottom:10px;
  }
  .toc{
    list-style:none; padding:0; margin:0;
    display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:10px;
    font-family:var(--mono); font-size:12.5px;
  }
  .toc a{
    color:var(--ink-2); text-decoration:none;
    padding-left:12px; border-left:1px solid var(--rule);
    transition: all .2s ease;
    display:block; line-height:1.4;
  }
  .toc a:hover{ color:var(--ink); border-left-color:var(--accent) }
  .toc a.active{
    color:var(--ink); border-left-color:var(--accent);
    border-left-width:2px; padding-left:11px;
  }

  /* right rail – notes */
  .right{
    padding-top: 8px;
    align-self:start;
    position:sticky; top:96px;
    height:max-content;
  }
  .right .label{
    font-family:var(--mono); font-size:11px; color:var(--ink-3);
    letter-spacing:.12em; text-transform:uppercase;
    margin-bottom:10px;
  }
  .right .meta-block{
    display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:14px;
    font-size:14px; color:var(--ink-2);
  }
  .right .meta-block .row{
    display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:4px;
  }
  .right .meta-block .k{
    font-family:var(--mono); font-size:11px; letter-spacing:.08em;
    text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--ink-3);
  }

  /* ───────── article body ───────── */
  article{ min-width:0 }
  .kicker{
    display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:10px;
    font-family:var(--mono); font-size:11.5px;
    letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase;
    color:var(--accent-ink);
    margin-bottom: 28px;
  }
  .kicker::before{
    content:""; width:24px; height:1px; background:var(--accent);
  }
  h1.title{
    font-family:var(--serif);
    font-weight:400;
    font-size: clamp(40px, 5.4vw, 60px);
    line-height: 1.06;
    letter-spacing:-0.022em;
    margin: 0 0 28px;
    text-wrap:balance;
    font-feature-settings:"ss01";
  }
  h1.title em{ font-style:italic; color:var(--accent-ink) }

  .lede{
    font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--ink-2);
    margin: 0 0 36px;
    max-width: 56ch;
    text-wrap:pretty;
  }

  .byline{
    display:flex; align-items:center; gap:20px;
    padding: 18px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    margin-bottom: 48px;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-3);
    letter-spacing: .04em;
    flex-wrap:wrap;
  }
  .byline .author{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:10px; color:var(--ink) }
  .byline .author .avatar{
    width:24px; height:24px; border-radius:999px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent) 0%, var(--accent-ink) 100%);
    flex:none;
  }
  .byline .dot{ width:3px; height:3px; border-radius:999px; background:var(--ink-3) }

  article h2{
    font-family:var(--serif);
    font-weight:500;
    font-size: 28px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing:-0.012em;
    margin: 56px 0 18px;
    text-wrap:balance;
  }
  article h3{
    font-family:var(--mono);
    font-weight:500;
    font-size: 12.5px;
    letter-spacing:.14em;
    text-transform:uppercase;
    color:var(--ink-3);
    margin: 40px 0 14px;
  }
  article p{
    margin: 0 0 20px;
    text-wrap:pretty;
  }
  article p:first-of-type::first-letter{
    /* subtle drop cap on the first paragraph */
    initial-letter: 2.4 2;
    -webkit-initial-letter: 2.4 2;
    font-weight:500;
    color: var(--accent-ink);
    margin-right: 8px;
    font-feature-settings:"ss01";
  }
  article a.link{
    color: var(--ink);
    background-image: linear-gradient(currentColor,currentColor);
    background-size: 100% 1px;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: 0 100%;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  article a.link:hover{ color:var(--accent-ink) }

  article blockquote{
    margin: 32px -8px;
    padding: 4px 0 4px 24px;
    border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 22px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: var(--ink);
    max-width: 56ch;
  }
  article blockquote cite{
    display:block;
    margin-top: 12px;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-style: normal;
    font-size: 11.5px;
    letter-spacing: .08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-3);
  }
  article ul, article ol{
    padding-left: 22px;
    margin: 0 0 20px;
  }
  article li{ margin-bottom: 8px }
  article li::marker{ color: var(--accent) }

  article code, article .mono{
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 0.92em;
    background: var(--paper-2);
    padding: 2px 6px;
    border-radius: 3px;
  }
  article pre{
    background: var(--paper-2);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 18px 20px;
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--ink);
    overflow-x:auto;
    margin: 24px 0 28px;
    border-radius: 3px;
  }

  /* footnotes */
  sup.fn{
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 10px;
    color: var(--accent-ink);
    margin: 0 1px;
    vertical-align: super;
    cursor: help;
  }

  /* inline diagram */
  .figure{
    margin: 36px -8px 40px;
    padding: 32px 24px;
    background: var(--paper-2);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    border-radius: 4px;
    display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; gap:14px;
  }
  .figure svg{ max-width:100%; height:auto }
  .figure figcaption{
    font-family: var(--mono);
    font-size: 11.5px; color: var(--ink-3);
    letter-spacing: .04em;
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 48ch;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  /* progress bar */
  .progress{
    position: fixed; top:0; left:0; right:0;
    height: 2px; z-index: 30;
    background: transparent;
  }
  .progress > .bar{
    height: 100%;
    background: var(--accent);
    width: 0;
    transition: width .15s ease;
  }

  /* ───────── end-of-article ───────── */
  .endmark{
    margin: 56px 0 24px;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: .14em;
    display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:10px;
  }
  .endmark::before, .endmark::after{
    content:""; width: 40px; height: 1px; background: var(--rule);
  }

  /* related */
  section.related{
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    background: var(--paper-2);
    padding: 72px 0 88px;
  }
  .related h4{
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 11.5px;
    letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-3); margin: 0 0 24px; font-weight: 600;
  }
  .related-grid{
    display:grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 16px;
  }
  @media (max-width: 760px){ .related-grid{ grid-template-columns:1fr } }
  .related-card{
    background: var(--paper);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 24px 26px;
    text-decoration:none; color:var(--ink);
    display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:10px;
    transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
  }
  .related-card:hover{
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(28,25,21,.06);
  }
  .related-card .kind{
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 11px;
    color: var(--accent-ink); letter-spacing: .1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  .related-card .h{
    font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing:-0.008em; font-weight: 500;
  }
  .related-card .m{
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 11.5px;
    color: var(--ink-3); margin-top:auto; padding-top:14px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    display:flex; justify-content:space-between;
  }

  /* footer */
  footer.site{
    border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 40px 0 48px;
    font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 11.5px;
    color: var(--ink-3); letter-spacing: .05em;
  }
  footer .wrap{ display:flex; justify-content:space-between; gap: 16px; flex-wrap:wrap }